Merry Christmas!

Word formation: minimise

Verb: minimise

Noun: minimum, minimisation, minimalist (person)

Adjective: minimal, minimum, minimalist

Adverb: minimally

Word formation: necessitate

Verb: necessitate

Noun: necessity

Adjective: necessary, unnecessary

Adverb: necessarily, unnecessarily

Word formation: compare

Verb: compare
Noun: comparison
Adjective: comparable, incomparable, comparative
Adverb: incomparably, comparatively

Word formation: attach / detach

Verb: attach / detach
Noun: attachment / detachment
Adjective: attached, unattached, detachable, detached
Adverb: detachedly

Word formation: accept

Verb: accept

Noun: acceptance

Adjective: acceptable, unacceptable, accepted

Adverb: acceptably, unacceptably

Modal verbs: ability

MODAL VERB	TENSE	EXAMPLE
(be) able to (be) not able to	present	I am able to swim
(have) been able to (have) not been able to	present perfect	She has been able to finish the book.
can can´t	present	I can swim
could couldn´t	past - general ability	I could swim when I was 3 years old.
managed to wasn´t/ weren´t able to / couldn´t	past - specific ability	There was a terrible fire, but everyone was able to escape.
to be able to not to be able to	infinitive	They hope to be able to visit us next week.
was/were able to wasn´t/ weren´t able to / couldn´t	past - specific ability	There was a terrible fire, but everyone was able to escape.
will be able to won´t be able to	future	I will be able to help you tomorrow.
would be able to	conditional	If you saved enough money, you would be able to go on holiday.

Word formation: impress

Verb: impress
Noun: impression
Adjective: impressive / unimpressive

Word formation: create

Verb: create
Noun: creation
Adjective: creative / uncreative
Adverb: creatively

Word formation: influence

Verb: influence
Noun: influence
Adjective: influential

Word formation: describe

Verb: describe
Noun: description
Adjective: descriptive

Phrasal verb: break down

PET / FCE / CAE

When something breaks down it stops working.

Example: My car broke down while I was driving to work.

Word formation: develop

Verb: develop
Noun: developer (person) / development
Adjective: developed / undeveloped

Idiom: just in the nick of time

If you do something  just in the nick of time (just in time), you do it just before time runs out.

Example: She got to the bank just in the nick of time.  They were about to close for the day.

Lord of the Flies (CAE exam)

Lord of the Flies (William Golding) is one of the optional set texts for the Writing Paper in the 2012 / 2013 exam.  You may choose to prepare for questions on this set text by studying a film version as well as, or instead of, the novel.  Candidates should be made aware that they should not attempt the set text question unless they have the necessary vocabulary and understanding of the text to answer the task set.

The Plot
A plane crashes on an uninhabited island and the only survivors, a group of schoolboys, assemble on the beach and wait to be rescued. By day they inhabit a land of bright fantastic birds and dark blue seas, but at night their dreams are haunted by the image of a terrifying beast.

In this, his first novel, William Golding gave the traditional adventure story an ironic, devastating twist. The boys' delicate sense of order fades, and their childish fears are transformed into something deeper and more primitive. Their games take on a horrible significance, and before long the well-behaved party of schoolboys has turned into a tribe of faceless, murderous savages.

First published in 1954, Lord of the Flies is now recognized as a classic, one of the most celebrated of all modern novels.

Author: Golding, William
Publisher: Penguin Books
Format: Paperback
ISBN: 9780571191475
Publication Date: 2002
Price: £7.99 + postage

• Context
• Plot overview
• Character list
• Analysis of major characters
• Themes, motifs & symbols
• Summary and chapter analysis
• Important quotations explained
• Key facts
• Study questions and essay topics
• Quiz